Influence of Meal Frequency (3vs.6 meals/day) and Macronutrient Composition (higher vs. lower protein) on Psychological Mood States in Men and Women
Authors:
Ashley Lipes and Dana Martin
Advisor:
Dr. Paul Arciero
Abstract:
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between
hunger, composition of food consumed, frequency of meals, and if this has any effect
on one's psychological mood state. Individuals with a BMI of greater than 25 were
recruited for the study (n=28, 4 males and 24 females).
Methods:
Psychological mood state was assessed throughout the study using the Beck Depression
Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a profile of mood states questionnaire, and
visual analog scales. Stress levels were assessed using heart rate and blood pressure
measurements.
Results:
Results showed that a higher protein diet and higher meal frequency (6 meals per
day) produce decreased levels of anxiety, decreased levels of tension, decreased levels
of stress, decreased levels of fatigue, decreased blood pressure levels, and increased
levels of vigor.